humor

英 美['hj?m?]
  • n. 幽默，詼諧；心情
  • vt. 迎合，遷就；順應(yīng)
CET4TEM4GRE考研擴(kuò)展詞匯

詞態(tài)變化

第三人稱單數(shù):?humors;過去式:?humored;過去分詞:?humored;現(xiàn)在分詞:?humoring;

助記提示

1. 音譯“幽默”。它是外來詞，由英文音譯而來的。而最初將此詞移入中國的，則是林語堂。這是一個(gè)音、意兩譯的詞，其表達(dá)恰到好處。
2. 字母h很多時(shí)候是不發(fā)音的，這里在音譯的時(shí)候，就把首字母h當(dāng)不發(fā)音處理。

中文詞源

humor 體液，心情，幽默，詼諧

來自拉丁語umor,體液，來自umere,濕的，詞源同humid.在古代指人體的四種體液，即blood,phlegm,choler,black bile,血液，黏液，膽汁液，黑膽汁液，這四種體液的組合和多寡決定人的性格，心境，情緒，同時(shí)，這四種體液的組合雖然基本固定，但也會發(fā)生變化，從而人的心情也隨之發(fā)生變化，引申詞義興致，心血來潮，縱容等詞義，并同時(shí)引申詞義逗笑的能力，即幽默感。20世紀(jì)初學(xué)者嚴(yán)復(fù)將該詞翻譯為幽默并廣為流傳，需說明的是，當(dāng)時(shí)h是不發(fā)音的。

英文詞源

humor (n.)
mid-14c., "fluid or juice of an animal or plant," from Old North French humour (Old French humor; Modern French humeur), from Latin umor "body fluid" (also humor, by false association with humus "earth"); related to umere "be wet, moist," and to uvescere "become wet," from PIE *wegw- "wet."

In ancient and medieval physiology, "any of the four body fluids" (blood, phlegm, choler, and melancholy or black bile) whose relative proportions were thought to determine state of mind. This led to a sense of "mood, temporary state of mind" (first recorded 1520s); the sense of "amusing quality, funniness" is first recorded 1680s, probably via sense of "whim, caprice" (1560s), which also produced the verb sense of "indulge," first attested 1580s. "The pronunciation of the initial h is only of recent date, and is sometimes omitted ...." [OED] For types of humor, see the useful table below, from H.W. Fowler ["Modern English Usage," 1926].

device HUMOR WIT SATIRE SARCASM INVECTIVE IRONY CYNICISM SARDONIC
motive/aim discovery throwing light amendment inflicting pain discredit exclusiveness self-justification self-relief
province human nature words & ideas morals & manners faults & foibles misconduct statement of facts morals adversity
method/means observation surprise accentuation inversion direct statement mystification exposure of nakedness pessimism
audience the sympathetic the intelligent the self-satisfied victim & bystander the public an inner circle the respectable the self
humor (v.)
1580s; see humor (n.). Related: Humored; humoring.

雙語例句

1. McGrath remembers his offbeat sense of humor, his whimsical side.
麥格拉思記得他不同尋常的幽默感和他古怪的一面。

來自柯林斯例句

2. The essays could do with a flash of wit or humor.
這些散文需要一些出其不意的風(fēng)趣或幽默。

來自柯林斯例句

3. I think humor is a great lubricant for life.
我認(rèn)為幽默是人生的上好潤滑劑。

來自柯林斯例句

4. Their dark humor never failed to astound him.
他們的黑色幽默總能讓他咋舌。

來自柯林斯例句

5. Humor is laughing at what you have not got when you ought to have it.
能對應(yīng)有而沒有的東西一笑置之是謂幽默。

來自每日一句